Metals and there importance

 Metals

There are many metals that exist on the earth. In our day-to-day life we use at least one metal for our purpose either directly or indirectly.

In the life of a Mechanical Engineer Metals have a crucial role to play. Also Mechanical students need to remember some metals Melting & Boiling Temperatures, Crystal Structure.

Here is the list of some Metals(Elements), their Symbol, Atomic Number, Melting Temperature, Boiling Temperature, Crystal Structure, Thermal Conductivity.

Symbol – A symbol represents the name of a chemical element by using one or two letter of the name. In some cases it uses their ancient Latin, Greek German or Arabic names. A symbol gives information on the stoichiometric quantity of the element.

Atomic Number – The Atomic number is the number of protons you find in the nucleus of the atom or the number of electrons floating around the outside. Protons and Electrons come in the same number in atoms.

Melting Temperature – It is a temperature were usually materials changes from solid to liquid.

Boiling Temperature – At this temperature liquid is converted into vapor.

Crystal Structure – It is described in terms of the geometry of arrangement of particles in the unit cell.

BCC – Body Centered Cubic, FCC – Face Centered Cubic, HCP – Hexagonal Close Packed.

Thermal Conductivity (k) – It is the ability of given material to conduct or transfer the heat.

Formula used to calculate k is

K = (QL)/(AΔT)

k = thermal conductivity in W/m.K

Q is the amount of heat transferred through the material in Joules/Second (J/s) or Watts (W)

L = the distance between the two isothermal planes.

A = surface area in meter square.

ΔT = Temperature difference in Kelvin.

 

Units : watts per meter-kelvin or W/m.K or Wm^-1K^-1

It is expressed in terms of Temperature, Length, Mass and Time. 

It is generally expressed in terms of power/(length * temperature).

These units describe the rate of conduction of heat through a material of unit thickness and for each Kelvin of temperature difference.

 

Element Name	Symbol	Atomic Number	Melting Temperature	Boiling Temperature	Crystal Structure	Thermal Conductivity W/(m⋅K)
Sodium	Na	11	370.944 K ​97.794 °C ​208.029 °F	1156.090 K ​882.940 °C​1621.292 °F	BCC	142
Magnesium	Mg	12	923 K ​650.000 °C​1202.00 °F	1363 K ​1091 °C​1994 °F	​HCP	156
Aluminum	Al	13	933.47 K ​660.32 °C​1220.58 °F	2743 K ​2470 °C​4478 °F	FCC	237
Potassium	K	19	336.7 K ​63.5 °C ​146.3 °F	1032 K ​759.00 °C​1398 °F	BCC	102.5
Calcium	Ca	20	1115 K ​842 °C​1548 °F	1757 K ​1484 °C​2703 °F	FCC	201
Scandium	Sc	21	1814 K ​1541 °C ​2806 °F	3109 K ​2836 °C ​5136 °F	HCP	15.8
Titanium	Ti	22	1941 K ​1668 °C​3034 °F	3560 K ​3287 °C​5949 °F	HCP	21.9
Vanadium	V	23	2183 K ​1910 °C​3470 °F	3680 K ​3407 °C​6165 °F	BCC	30.7
Chromium	Cr	24	2180 K ​1907 °C​3465 °F	2944 K ​2671 °C​4840 °F	BCC	93.9
Manganese	Mn	25	1519 K ​1246 °C ​2275 °F	2334 K ​2061 °C​3742 °F	BCC	7.81
Iron	Fe	26	1811 K ​1538 °C ​2800 °F	3134 K ​2862 °C ​5182 °F	Body Centered Cubic - BCC FCC between 1185 - 1667 K	80.4
Cobalt	Co	27	1768 K ​1495 °C​2723 °F	3200 K ​2927 °C ​5301 °F	HCP	100
Nickel	Ni	28	1728 K ​1455 °C​2651 °F	3003 K ​2730 °C ​4946 °F	FCC	90.9
Copper	Cu	29	1357.77 K ​1084.62 °C ​1984.32 °F	2835 K ​2562 °C ​4643 °F	FCC	401
Zinc	Zn	30	692.68 K ​419.53 °C​787.15 °F	1180 K ​907 °C​1665 °F	HCP	116
Strontium	Sr	38	1050 K ​777 °C​1431 °F	1650 K ​1377 °C ​2511 °F	FCC	35.4
Yttrium	Y	39	1799 K ​1526 °C ​2779 °F	3203 K ​2930 °C ​5306 °F	HCP	17.2
Zirconium	Zr	40	2128 K ​1855 °C ​3371 °F	4650 K ​4377 °C ​7911 °F	HCP	22.6
Molybdenum	Mo	42	2896 K ​2623 °C ​4753 °F	4912 K ​4639 °C ​8382 °F	BCC	138
Palladium	Pd	46	1828.05 K ​1554.9 °C ​2830.82 °F	3236 K ​2963 °C ​5365 °F	FCC	71.8
Silver	Ag	47	1234.93 K ​961.78 °C​1763.2 °F	2435 K ​2162 °C ​3924 °F	FCC	429
Cadmium	Cd	48	594.22 K ​321.07 °C​609.93 °F	1040 K ​767 °C ​1413 °F	HCP	96.6
Tin	Sn	50	505.08 K ​231.93 °C ​449.47 °F	2875 K ​2602 °C ​4716 °F	Body Centered Tetragonal – BCT/ Face Centered Diamond Cubic	66.8
Barium	Ba	56	1000 K ​727 °C​1341 °F	2118 K ​1845 °C​3353 °F	BCC	18.4
Tungsten	W	74	3695 K ​3422 °C ​6192 °F	6203 K ​5930 °C ​10706 °F	BCC	173
Platinum	Pt	78	2041.4 K ​1768.3 °C ​3214.9 °F	4098 K ​3825 °C​6917 °F	FCC	71.6
Gold	Au	79	1337.33 K ​1064.18 °C ​1947.52 °F	3243 K ​2970 °C ​5378 °F	FCC	318
Mercury	Hg	80	234.3210 K ​−38.8290 °C ​−37.8922 °F	629.88 K ​356.73 °C ​674.11 °F	Rhombohedral	8.3
Lead	Pb	82	600.61 K ​327.46 °C​621.43 °F	2022 K ​1749 °C​3180 °F	FCC	35.3
Bismuth	Bi	83	544.7 K ​271.5 °C​520.7 °F	1837 K ​1564 °C ​2847 °F	Rhombohedral	7.97
Polonium	Po	84	527.0 K ​254.00 °C​489 °F	1235 K ​962 °C​1764 °F	Cubic / Rhombohedral	20
Radium	Ra	88	973 K ​700.000 °C​1292 °F (disputed)	2010 K ​1737 °C ​3159 °F	BCC	18.6
Thorium	Th	90	2023 K ​1750 °C ​3182 °F	5061 K ​4788 °C ​8650 °F	FCC	54
Uranium	U	92	1405.3 K ​1132.2 °C ​2070 °F	4404 K ​4131 °C ​7468 °F	Orthorhombic	27.5

 

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